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Xylocopa violacea
''Xylocopa violacea'', the violet carpenter bee, is the common European species of carpenter bee, and one of the largest bees in Europe. It is also native to Asia.
Like most members of the genus ''Xylocopa'', it makes its nests in dead wood. It is not particularly aggressive, and will attack only if forced to.
==Distribution==
The range of ''Xylocopa violacea'' extends from Europe eastward across Asia as far as central China, restricted to latitudes above 30 degrees. In India, any all-black species of ''Xylocopa'' are referred to by the common name "bhanvra", and reports and sightings of ''bhanvra'' are commonly misattributed to this species; however, this species is found only in the northern regions of Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab. Most sightings refer to any of several other common black ''Xylocopa'', such as ''X. nasalis'', ''X. tenuiscapa'', or ''X. tranquebarorum''.〔Gupta, R.K., Yanega, D. (2003). "A taxonomic overview of the carpenter bees of the Indian region [Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Apidae, Xylocopinae, Xylocopini, ''Xylocopa'' Latreille", pp. 79–100 in Gupta, R.K. (Ed.) ''Advancements in Insect Biodiversity''. Agrobios, Jodhpur, India.〕
In 2006 ''Xylocopa violacea'' was reported from Cardigan, Wales. In 2007 it was found breeding for the first time in England, in Leicestershire. This follows a northwards expansion of its range in France, Germany, and the Channel Islands. In 2010 it was recorded in Northamptonshire and Worcestershire.
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